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According to statistics from the U.S. Department of Labor, labor costs are one of the largest expenses any company has to absorb.  In the retail industry, they average roughly 20% of total revenue—even more than the cost of inventory on hand in most cases!  Other industries, including the food and hospitality fields, often see that percentage come in closer to 30-35%, and it can easily be up to 50%. 

Labor costs are rising, period. In 2018, retail, health care, and finance were found to be the top three industries most likely to experience growing labor costs. The Bureau of Labor Statistics also reported that two out of three “food services and drinking places” industries had increases in labor costs, and hourly compensation had risen in 41 of 49 industries surveyed. In many cases, the cost of labor is now second only to the cost of real estate. 

Keep in mind that although these huge figures are just averages, it’s not uncommon to see individual instances race even higher.  For small businesses, labor costs can gobble up earnings in a heartbeat if risk factors aren’t actively monitored and adjusted—or employers aren’t in compliance with the newest labor laws. 

How to Calculate the Labor Costs

Take your total revenue from sales and divide it by your total payroll. Be sure to include the cost of any benefits packages your company offers as well. A solid labor cost percentage goal to shoot for in retail (durable or non-durable goods) is 15%-20%, while in the restaurant industry, 30% is considered “safe.” 

Want to be able to check in on this more often? Start using employee scheduling software that has labor cost dashboards. 鲸鱼电竞 is free and will show you your actual and projected labor costs on the home screen as well as show you the cost of labor as you create the schedule, and provide a labor breakdown report for you as well. 

What Drives Labor Costs So High? Despite what you may think, hiring more employees won’t have a huge effect on your labor costs as a function of sales.  That’s because it’s not your hourly wages that are driving your labor costs sky high.  It’s the overtime.

The Bureau of Labor Statistics’ annual reports show that one of the largest contributing factors to increased labor costs is overtime accrual.  For example, in 2010, retail and wholesale employers in New Jersey shelled out over $227 million in overtime.  That accounted for 4.6% of total statewide revenues for the entire year.

Many retailers and restaurateurs are forced to pay time-and-a-half wages or even double-time to employees who work over 40 hours in a given work week.  Even salaried employees may be eligible for overtime rates if they work in excess of average hours, depending on how employee contracts are structured.

Look to your employee scheduling software . It should have overtime warnings so you can create the schedule more effectively and not overload single employees.

How to Decrease Overtime and Deflate Labor Costs

The Bureau of Labor Statistics’ annual reports show that one of the largest contributing factors to increased labor costs is overtime accrual.  For example, in 2010, retail and wholesale employers in New Jersey shelled out over $227 million in overtime. That accounted for 4.6% of total statewide revenues for the entire year. 

Changes to overtime rules

And overtime is about to get even bigger. Over the past year, new overtime laws expanded who is covered under overtime and eligible to receive overtime pay. Starting January 1, 2020, an additional 1.3 million workers are required to be compensated for overtime hours worked. Hourly workers who make less than $35,568 per year, or $684 per week, are included under these laws for the first time—on top of the workers making the previous cutoff of less than $23,000. In short: there will soon be more potential employees who can earn overtime than ever before.  

New advanced scheduling laws

Changes to labor laws outside of overtime impact small business labor costs as well. New laws like fair workweek , parental leave, and living wage ordinances all equal higher costs for employers. Embraced by a growing number of cities and states, fair workweek laws require that employers create employee schedules in advance and pay employees a premium if their schedule changes, or if they’re asked to work outside their scheduled hours. Employers are no longer able to cut employee shifts unexpectedly, ask employees to “clopen”, or use just-in-time scheduling to help cut down on labor costs. 

Higher minimum wage

Employers are expected to schedule better, but also pay more. While labor costs have gone up, so have employee wages. “Living wage” ordinances and legislation calling for a minimum wage of $15 an hour has increased hourly income past the federally-mandated $7.25 in cities and states across the country. 

A living wage represents the hourly pay a worker must earn to support themselves and their family based on their location. With the majority of minimum wage workers not able to afford housing , a living wage ensures employees can meet minimum standards of living. But it also puts a new burden on employers. Under California state law , employers with 26-plus employees must pay $12 an hour, and employers with 25 employees or less must pay a minimum of $11 an hour. As of July 1, 2019, large cities like Seattle and San Francisco also require employers to pay hourly workers $15 an hour. 

Healthcare, benefits, and more

Remember: labor costs don’t just include hourly wage. They also include healthcare, vacation time, bonuses, and sick leave. Over the last 15 years, the cost to cover one employee under group health insurance rose nearly 200 percent from $2,196 to $6,435—making it difficult for small businesses to afford to offer group health insurance at all.

While these laws are an effort to help employees have a better work-life balance and quality of life, they do have a secondary effects on business owner’s bottom lines. Just one change to the equation can spell disaster, especially in retail and restaurant industries with already-thin margins. 

How to Decrease Overtime and Deflate Labor Costs

With all of this in mind, how can you avoid overtime and keep your business running smoothly?  Essentially, there are a few effective ways you can kill overtime expenses:

Ensure accurate and adequate staffing

Making sure that you have enough people on hand and in reserve to handle the amount of business you’re doing and to cover emergencies such as sick calls is an important part of preventing excess overtime.  Of course, being able to do this hinges on your ability to compile accurate predictions of your company’s sales and production on a daily – and even hourly – basis.

Once you have these predictions in place, examine your schedule to ensure that you have just enough employees available to handle that load. Don’t have a good way to access or edit the work schedule? Use an employee schedule maker .  If not, consider rescheduling or even hiring part time employees to fill in the gap, rather than relying on overtime hours as a “cure-all.” 

Consider cutting hours of operation 

Along with adequate staffing, see if your business hours actually reflect sales and business demand. Does your restaurant earn enough profit to make up for the labor costs of having a morning shift? Should your coffee shop close early after serving commuters on their way to work? Should your restaurant open late on the weekends to catch the Saturday night crowd? Make sure having staff on the clock matches up with sales—and that it’s worth paying the additional cost. 

Track employee hours

Keeping an up-to-date tally of how many hours your employees have actually worked – not just how many they’re scheduled for.  This will allow you to spot potential overtime offenders before it becomes a problem. Look to your employee scheduling software. It should have overtime warnings so you can create the schedule more effectively and not overload single employees. 

Enforce stricter clock-ins and clock-outs

Restrict early in-punches and late out-punches. And beware of buddy punching , when fellow employees clock in or out for each other. Even incremental overtime can have a dramatic effect on your labor costs, so it’s worth being strict. 

Cut shifts if necessary

Don’t be afraid to cut shifts if your daily business doesn’t support your current staffing load. It may not be the easiest decision, but the health of your business may depend on it. However, business owners beware: before cutting shifts or changing employee schedules, check if your locality has fair workweek laws. Fair workweek laws require employers to provide employees a “good faith estimate” of hours they can expect to work. If you need to make big scheduling changes, make sure they don’t come with potential penalties. 

Improve employee efficiency

Multiple industries report that their productivity actually decreases when employee hours increase. Why? More staff and more hours don’t necessarily make your business run any faster. In fact, overworked employees are more likely to make mistakes or have accidents on the job. 

Instead, corporate offices and retailers around the world have been moving away from rigid job descriptions to more flexible plans. Effective cross training can allow a limited number of employees to accomplish more. It eliminates downtime, excessive overtime, and protects employees from burnout. 

For example, if your hostess can jump in if a server goes home sick; she can keep diners happy without adding extra payroll.  If you have a skilled barista who needs a break, someone from the kitchen can take over so they don’t leave for a job with more flexible hours. Likewise, if a cashier can stock shelves during slow times, your stock people can move on to other things or punch out early.

Automate certain tasks

Businesses throw away at least $1 trillion every year on lost productivity—without needing to. Today, it doesn’t take an employee on the clock to complete core business functions. Customer management systems and email programs make it possible for businesses to automatically respond to customer inquiries and reach out to prospective customers without an employee sitting at a desk.

Screening potential hiring candidates, employee onboarding, and sales reporting can all be automated too. Instead of accepting some tasks as the cost of doing business, see if you can help employees spend their time on the clock on what matters, and not add more labor costs for busy work. 

Offer employee incentives

Keeping your employees happy and incentivized is essential for the health of your business. Regular performance evaluations and employee advancement programs function as motivational tools to encourage employees to give and learn more. Merit-based raises and performance bonuses are a great option as well, but even something as simple as an extra day off per month can be motivation enough to get the extra cooperation you need. 

Create an official overtime policy

Overtime is a culture as much as a cost. If your business doesn’t have an official overtime policy, it’s time to make one. Put to paper how overtime works, who approves overtime hours, and how employees will be paid for additional shifts. Consider putting a cap on overtime hours—whether that’s how much overtime employees can work per quarter or even the entire year. Once you have boundaries in place, people will be more likely to stick to them and treat overtime as the exception, not the rule. 

Watch Your Labor Costs Drop

As an owner or manager, your first responsibility is always to the business. That doesn’t mean you have to be hard or impersonal, but bowing to the will of your employees will always complicate matters. These tips will help you lower your labor costs and increase productivity while minimizing conflict with employees.